Analysis of temperature variability utilising Mann–Kendall and Sen's slope estimator tests in the Accra and Kumasi Metropolises in Ghana

Abstract Temperature variability may have direct and indirect impacts on the environments of Accra Kumasi Metropolises in Ghana. This study analysed temperature trends both cities using in-situ measurements from one meteorological station 1986 to 2015. The indices were computed RClimdex package Expert Team Climate Change Detection Monitoring Indices (ETCCDMI). time series was pre-whitened before Mann–Kendall trend Sen’s slope estimator analysis applied. Initial revealed minimal variation cities. results an increase warm days a general rise minimum compared maximum temperatures. Mann Kendall significant annual seasonal (dry wet seasons) These might lead increased rate heat-stressed diseases overall urban warming temperature, provided comprehensive insights into Kumasi. highlight essence evaluating light concerns. It is recommended that green blue spaces should be incorporated land use plans as these policy directions can aid regulate